Saturday, March 23, 2013

Foods can help fight inflammation

Mar. 22, 2013 ? Inflammation is the body's normal response to injury. While it may be a natural defense system, it can lead to disease development if it becomes chronic. A University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) expert says one way to fight inflammation is with food.

"The inflammation process has one goal: to respond immediately to detect and destroy the toxic material in damaged tissues before it can spread throughout the body," explained Lauren Whitt, Ph.D., UAB Employee Wellness director and adjunct professor of personal health. "The trouble with inflammation occurs when the defense system gets out-of-control and begins to destroy healthy tissue, causing more damage than the original issue."

Obesity has even been found to cause inflammation, and it can lead to the development of cardiovascular and metabolic disease, according to the National Council on Strength & Fitness. But weight loss is related to reduction of inflammation, and Whitt says the right anti-inflammatory foods are the answer.

"I encourage people to focus on eating whole foods and foods that are high in fiber," Whitt said.

Anti-inflammatory foods to try:

? Citrus fruits -- Vitamin C and Vitamin E are essential antioxidants

? Dark, leafy greens -- High in Vitamin K

? Tomatoes -- The fruit's red pigment, lycopene, is a potent antioxidant

? Wild-caught salmon -- Contains a rich concentration of omega-3 fatty acids

Whitt added that eating anti-inflammatory foods should not be viewed as daunting.

"Eating to minimize inflammation doesn't have to be an overwhelming task," she said. "Take baby steps by incorporating leafy greens into a salad at lunch, or add a piece of whole fruit to your breakfast."

In addition, Whitt said to consume more foods straight from the farm, as well as fewer processed and fried foods. Doing so may reduce the need for some medications.

"Americans are constantly on the lookout for a quick-fix, so when our immune systems kick into overdrive, we would generally prefer to pop a pill and keep moving," Whitt said. "But if we focus on our diets, we can alleviate the need for the anti-inflammatory medications in many cases."

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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/nutrition/~3/lZGGp7WBX8A/130322154027.htm

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Could North Korean missiles really hit US military bases? (+video)

North Korea threatened Thursday to fire missiles at US bases in the Pacific region in retaliation for US-South Korea joint exercises. While some targets are within range, Pyongyang's longer-range capabilities are unclear.

By Peter Grier,?Staff Writer / March 21, 2013

A South Korean sea-to-land cruise missile is fired from a submarine during a drill at an undisclosed location in South Korea, last month. North Korea on Thursday threatened to hit US military bases in the Pacific region with missiles in retaliation for ongoing US-South Korea military training missions.

South Korea Defense Ministry/AP

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Could North Korea hit US military bases in the Pacific region with missiles? The question arises because Pyongyang on Thursday threatened to do just that in retaliation for ongoing US-South Korea military training missions.

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North Korea appears particularly unhappy about the participation of nuclear-capable B-52 bombers in these exercises. Washington dispatched these aircraft at a time of tension in the region to emphasize that the US remains committed to South Korea?s defense.

?The US should not forget that the Anderson Air Force Base on Guam, where B-52s take off, and naval bases in Japan proper and Okinawa, where nuclear-powered submarines are launched, are within the striking range of [North Korea?s] precision strike means,? a North Korean military spokesman told the KCNA state-run news service.

Is this within the realm of the possible? The short answer is ?yes.? The longer answer is ?yes, probably, they could try, but we?re not sure they could actually hit those targets, or with what, and they would be very foolish to attempt it.?

First, let?s look at the distances. Japan, home to about 38,000 US military personnel, is only about 650 miles from North Korea ? not a very long flight. Guam, an island south of Japan and east of the Philippines, is much father at about 2,100 miles distance. (There are also upwards of 28,000 US servicemen and women based in South Korea itself.)

Japan is clearly within range of North Korean missile forces. Pyongyang?s medium-range Nodong 1, a single-stage liquid-propelled weapon based on Soviet ?Scud? technology, could reach targets across the Japanese archipelago, according to an International Institute for Strategic Studies overview of North Korea?s missile program.

But the Nodong is not exactly a ?precision strike? instrument, according to US analysts. It?s accurate only to within about two or three miles. Given its relatively small payload and the limited number North Korea has at its disposal, ?the Nodong is probably more a political weapon than an effective military instrument,? the IISS concludes.

At 2,100 miles distance, Guam would be an even tougher target. It?s outside the range of Nodongs, but might be targeted by North Korea?s multi-stage intermediate range ballistic missile, the Taepodong, which has a 2,000-plus-mile range.

But as a 2012 Congressional Research Service study of Guam?s military defense notes, ?there has been a question about whether North Korea deployed this IRBM.?

The Taepodong has been flight tested but once, and failed. South Korea in 2008 said the North had indeed deployed the weapon, but since then Pyongyang has shown yet another alleged medium-range missile, the Musudan, in a military parade.

?Presumably, Pyongyang has built or could assemble additional [Taepodong] missiles for firing on fairly short notice,? the IISS concludes.

Then there is North Korea?s long-range missile program. The Unha-3, to throw even more confusing designations into the mix, is a multi-stage rocket the North Koreans used to launch a satellite into space last December.

In theory, a ballistic missile based on the Unha would be able to deliver a nuclear warhead-sized payload as far as Alaska, Hawaii, or part of the lower 48 US states, according to an analysis from the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies in California.

So there you have it. North Korea?s missile forces are either short-range, or little-tested, and even possibly non-existent. They could not do extensive damage unless tipped with nuclear warheads ? and US intelligence believes Pyongyang does not have the ability to make miniature nukes. Yet.

And that?s the real problem. North Korea remains committed to improving its nuclear device capability and developing missiles that can threaten the rest of the world. It is already what the US and Israel worry Iran would like to become.

That?s why Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel last week announced that in a time of fiscal austerity the US will devote $1 billion to adding 14 ground-based interceptors to US missile defenses based in Alaska.

At a hearing of the House Armed Services Committee on Wednesday a member of Congress asked Gen. Charles Jacoby, commander of US Northern Command and North American Aerospace Defense Command, whether he has been surprised by the fast development pace of the North Korean threat.

?I wouldn?t characterize it as being surprised,? said Gen. Jacoby. ?I think that North Korea proceeded at a pace faster than we anticipated.?

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/_NbNd9Nj31c/Could-North-Korean-missiles-really-hit-US-military-bases-video

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Schmidt: One Google OS to Rule Them All Not Happening Soon

Google will keep its Chrome and Android operating systems separate, but company executive chairman Eric Schmidt reportedly said this week that the two will have more features in common. Schmidt's comments at a conference in India came a week after Google reassigned Android head honcho Andy Rubin and gave his duties to Chrome OS boss Sundar Pichai.

Source: http://ectnews.com.feedsportal.com/c/34520/f/632000/s/29d81fb6/l/0L0Stechnewsworld0N0Crsstory0C775990Bhtml/story01.htm

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Friday, March 22, 2013

Obama pushes for peace (CNN)

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CA-NEWS Summary

Obama urges Palestinians to return to peace talks

RAMALLAH, West Bank (Reuters) - President Barack Obama voiced opposition on Thursday to Israeli settlement building but pressed Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas to drop his demand for a freeze before Middle East peace talks can resume. After an effusive welcome in Israel, Obama traveled to the Israeli-occupied West Bank, where disillusioned Palestinians held out little hope that their moment in the spotlight of a U.S. presidential visit would speed their quest for statehood.

Iran will destroy Israeli cities if attacked: Khamenei

DUBAI (Reuters) - Iran's clerical supreme leader said on Thursday the Islamic Republic would destroy the Israeli cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa if it came under attack from the Jewish state. "At times the officials of the Zionist regime (Israel) threaten to launch a military invasion but they themselves know that if they make the slightest mistake the Islamic Republic will raze Tel Aviv and Haifa to the ground," Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said in an address to mark the Iranian new year.

Kurd rebel leader orders fighters to halt hostilities

DIYARBAKIR, Turkey (Reuters) - Jailed Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Ocalan ordered his fighters on Thursday to cease fire and withdraw from Turkish soil as a step to ending a conflict that has killed 40,000 people, riven the country and battered its economy. Hundreds of thousands of Kurds, gathered in the regional center of Diyarbakir, cheered and waved banners bearing Ocalan's mustachioed image when a letter from the rebel leader, held since 1999 on a prison island in the Marmara Sea, was read out by a pro-Kurdish politician.

ECB gives Cyprus bailout ultimatum, banks face cutoff

NICOSIA/FRANKFURT (Reuters) - The European Central Bank gave Cyprus until Monday to raise billions of euros to clinch an international bailout or face losing emergency funds for its banks and inevitable collapse. The ultimatum came as the island's leaders struggled over a "Plan B" to try to raise 5.8 billion euros demanded by the EU under a 10 billion euro ($13 billion) rescue, after angry lawmakers threw out a tax on deposits as "bank robbery".

U.N. to launch probe of alleged Syria chemical arms attack

UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on Thursday announced that the United Nations will launch an investigation as requested by the Syrian government into allegations that chemical weapons were used in Syria. "I have decided to conduct a United Nations investigation into the possible use of chemical weapons in Syria," Ban told reporters. He said the investigation will focus on "the specific incident brought to my attention by the Syrian government."

Timbuktu suicide attack reopens front for French in Mali

BAMAKO (Reuters) - A suicide car-bomber killed a Malian soldier and wounded six others in a raid on the airport in Timbuktu overnight, just a day after Paris said a French-led campaign had nearly driven Islamists out of all of northern Mali. France said 10 Islamist fighters were killed in the raid on the ancient desert trading town, the first suicide attack there since French and Malian troops chased al Qaeda-linked militants from Timbuktu nearly two months ago. It comes weeks ahead of the planned start of France's withdrawal from Mali.

Egypt's Brotherhood vows to defend HQ against protesters

CAIRO (Reuters) - Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood said it would defend its headquarters against protesters if necessary, raising the possibility of a confrontation at a demonstration planned in Cairo on Friday. Anti-Brotherhood protesters clashed with riot police firing tear gas outside the building earlier this week, the latest burst of street unrest in a country still struggling to restore law and order since its 2011 uprising.

Scotland independence referendum set for September 18, 2014

EDINBURGH (Reuters) - Scotland will hold its independence referendum on September 18, 2014, First Minister Alex Salmond said on Thursday, starting the countdown to a vote he hopes will take his nation of 5 million out of the United Kingdom. Salmond's pro-independence Scottish National Party (SNP) won a majority in the Scottish parliament in May 2011 elections, giving the charismatic politician what he has called a "once-in-a-generation" chance to break ties with London.

South Sudan presses ahead with alternative pipelines study

ADDIS ABABA (Reuters) - South Sudan said on Thursday it is pressing ahead with studies into new oil pipelines to Kenya and Djibouti following a deal to restore exports through onetime civil war foe Sudan. Information Minister Barnaba Marial Benjamin said South Sudan has hired Germany's ILF Consulting Engineers to assess the feasibility of pipelines to Lamu in Kenya and through Ethiopia to Djibouti.

Blast kills 17 at Pakistani camp for displaced people

PESHAWAR, Pakistan (Reuters) - At least seventeen people were killed by a car bomb as they waited for food at a camp in northwest Pakistan for those displaced by fighting between government forces and Islamist militants, police said. The bomb exploded on Thursday in the Jalozai camp in Nowshera in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, an area bordering Afghanistan and a stronghold for insurgents bent on toppling Pakistan's U.S.-backed government.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ca-news-summary-005449941.html

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How serotonin receptors can shape drug effects from LSD to migraine medication

Mar. 21, 2013 ? A team including scientists from The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has determined and analyzed the high-resolution atomic structures of two kinds of human serotonin receptor. The new findings help explain why some drugs that interact with these receptors have had unexpectedly complex and sometimes harmful effects.

"Understanding the structure-function of these receptors allows us to discover new biology of serotonin signaling and also gives us better ideas about what biological questions to probe in a more intelligent manner," said TSRI Professor Raymond Stevens, who was a senior investigator for the new research. The studies were published in two papers on March 21, 2013 in Science Express, the advance online version of the journal Science.

Pioneering Important Molecular Structures

Stevens's laboratory at TSRI has pioneered the development of techniques for determining the 3D atomic structures of cellular receptors -- particularly the large receptor class known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs sit in the cell membrane and sense various molecules outside cells. When certain molecules bind to them, the receptor's respond in a way to transmit a signal inside the cell.

"Because G protein-coupled receptors are the targets of nearly 50 percent of medicines, they are the focus of several major National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiatives," said Jean Chin of the NIH's National Institute of General Medical Sciences, which partly funded the work through the Protein Structure Initiative. "These detailed molecular structures of two serotonin receptor subfamilies bound to antimigraines, antipsychotics, antidepressants or appetite suppressants will help us understand how normal cellular signaling is affected by these drugs and will offer a valuable framework for designing safer and more effective medicines."

In the past several years, using X-ray crystallography, the Stevens laboratory has determined the high-resolution structures of 10 of the most important GPCRs for human health -- including the ?2 adrenergic receptor, the A2a adenosine receptor (the target of caffeine), HIV related CXCR4 receptor, the pain-mediating nociceptin receptor, S1P1 receptor important for inflammatory diseases, H1 histamine receptor (antihistamine medications) and the D3 dopamine receptor which is involved in mood, motivation and addiction.

Serotonin receptors are no less important. "Nearly all psychiatric drugs affect serotonin receptors to some extent, and these receptors also mediate a host of effects outside the brain, for example on blood coagulation, smooth muscle contraction and heart valve growth," said Bryan Roth, a collaborator on both studies who is professor of pharmacology at the University of North Carolina (UNC).

Untangling Two Serotonin Receptors

Roth's laboratory teamed up with Stevens's as part of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Protein Structure Initiative. For this project the two labs also worked with the laboratories of Professors Eric Xu and Hualiang Jiang at the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. "By collaborating with the Chinese teams we were able to complete a much more thorough study and get the most out of our fundamental structural results," said Stevens.

In the first of the new studies, co-lead author Chong Wang, a graduate student in the Stevens laboratory, and his colleagues determined the structure of the serotonin receptor subtype 5-HT1B, the principal target of several drug classes. (5-HT, or 5-hydroxytryptamine, is a technical term for serotonin.) The team produced the 5-HT1B receptor while it was bound by either ergotamine or dihydroergotamine -- two old-line anti-migraine drugs that work in part by activating 5-HT1B receptors.

With the help of the special fusion protein, nicknamed BRIL (apocytochrome b562RIL), Wang and colleagues were able to stabilize these structures and coax them to line up in a regular ordering known as a crystal. X-ray crystallography revealed, at high resolution, an atomic structure of 5-HT1B with a main binding pocket and a separate, extended binding pocket.

Harmful Off-Target Effects

In the second study, TSRI graduate student and lead author Daniel Wacker and colleagues used similar techniques to determine the structure of the 5-HT2B receptor bound to ergotamine. The 5-HT2B receptor was chiefly of interest because drug developers want to avoid activating it.

"Drugs that are meant to target other serotonin receptors in the brain can have harmful off-target effects on 5-HT2B receptors, which are found abundantly on heart valves, for example," said Roth. The weight-loss drug fenfluramine and closely related dexfenfluramine were withdrawn from the US market in 1997 after being linked to heart valve disease. Roth's laboratory later showed that this side effect was mediated by heart valve 5-HT2B receptors.

Analyses of the 5-HT1B and 5-HT2B receptor structures revealed a subtle difference between them. "Although their main binding pockets look very similar, their extended binding pockets are not as similar -- the one for 5-HT2B is narrower and in a slightly different position," said Wang.

With the two receptor structures in hand, the Xu and Jiang team simulated the bindings of various drugs. They showed, for example, that anti-migraine drugs called triptans should bind well to 5-HT1B receptors but poorly to 5-HT2B receptor structures, in which the extended binding pocket is less accessible. Similarly, the team's calculations confirmed that fenfluramine's active metabolite should bind very tightly to the 5-HT2B receptor.

Delving Deeper

In the second study, the researchers used the 5-HT2B and 5-HT1B structural data to better understand a recently discovered GPCR signaling pathway.

When a neurotransmitter such as serotonin binds to its GPCR receptor and triggers the primary, G protein-mediated activation signal, it also usually triggers another signal, often mediated by a protein called ?-arrestin. This second signaling cascade may simply have the effect of "arresting" or inhibiting the primary, G protein-mediated signaling. But it can also have other effects on the cell, and although most molecules bind to their target GPCRs in a way that activates these primary and secondary signals equally, others preferentially activate one or the other. "Such functional selectivity, as we call it, adds another layer of complexity to drug effects on GPCRs," said Roth, a co-senior author of the study.

Roth's laboratory produced several 5-HT receptor subtypes in test cells, and compared the strength of G-protein and ?-arrestin signaling when these receptors were bound by ergotamine or various other drugs, including the ergotamine-derived hallucinogen LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide). Most of the tested drugs showed no bias. However, ergotamine, LSD and some of their relatives turned out to be clearly biased in favor of ?-arrestin signaling at the 5-HT2B receptor. Comparison of the ergotamine-bound 5-HT2B structure with the ergotamine-bound 5-HT1B structure revealed the likely reason. "We could see that when ergotamine is bound to the 5-HT2B receptor it stabilizes the receptor structure in a conformation that interferes with G protein signaling," said Wacker.

The findings allow scientists to start probing this arrestin-mediated signaling pathway and its downstream effects in a more targeted manner. "These structural data are teaching us to ask better questions about receptor biology," said Stevens.

In addition to Chong, the two other first authors of the first study, "Structural Basis for Molecular Recognition at Serotonin Receptors," were Yi Jiang, a researcher in the Stevens laboratory who was visiting from the Xu laboratory in Shanghai, and Jinming Ma, a researcher in the Stevens laboratory who was visiting from the Van Andel Research Institute in Michigan, where Xu runs a laboratory. Other contributors to this study were Huixian Wu, Daniel Wacker, Vsevolod Katritch, Gye Won Han, Wei Liu and Vadim Cherezov of TSRI; Xi-Ping Huang, Eyal Vardy and John D. McCorvy of Roth's laboratory at UNC; Xiang Gao, Edward X. Zhou, Karsten Melcher and Chenghai Zhang of the Van Andel Research Institute; Fang Bai of the Dalian University of Technology in China; and Huaiyu Yang, Linlin Yang of Xu and Jiang laboratories in Shanghai.

Contributors to the second study, "Structural Features for Functional Selectivity at Serotonin Receptors," included Chong Wang, Vsevolod Katritch, Gye Won Han, Meihua Chu, Fai Yiu Siu, Wei Liu, Yi Jiang and Vadim Cherezov of TSRI; Xi-Ping Huang, Eyal Vardy and John D. McCorvy of the Roth laboratory at UNC; and Eric Xu.

Support for these studies was provided by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (PSI:Biology grant U54 GM094618), the National Institutes of Health Common Fund in Structural Biology (P50 GM073197), the Jay and Betty Van Andel Foundation, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK071662), Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (grants 2012ZX09301001-005 and 2012CB910403); Amway (China); the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (R01 MH61887, U19 MH82441), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA27170) and the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Scripps Research Institute.

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Journal References:

  1. Daniel Wacker, Chong Wang, Vsevolod Katritch, Gye Won Han, Xi-Ping Huang, Eyal Vardy, John D. McCorvy, Yi Jiang, Meihua Chu, Fai Yiu Siu, Wei Liu, H. Eric Xu, Vadim Cherezov, Bryan L. Roth, and Raymond C. Stevens. Structural Features for Functional Selectivity at Serotonin Receptors. Science, 2013; DOI: 10.1126/science.1232808
  2. Chong Wang, Yi Jiang, Jinming Ma, Huixian Wu, Daniel Wacker, Vsevolod Katritch, Gye Won Han, Wei Liu, Xi-Ping Huang, Eyal Vardy, John D. McCorvy, Xiang Gao, Edward X. Zhou, Karsten Melcher, Chenghai Zhang, Fang Bai, Huaiyu Yang, Linlin Yang, Hualiang Jiang, Bryan L. Roth, Vadim Cherezov, Raymond C. Stevens, and H. Eric Xu. Structural Basis for Molecular Recognition at Serotonin Receptors. Science, 2013; DOI: 10.1126/science.1232807

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/K-OeXhzoios/130321141512.htm

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Passing reference in 'Argo' rankles New Zealand

An image of a U.S. State Dept. document provided by the Jimmy Carter Library and Museum, crediting four embassies, Canadians, Britian, Swedish and New Zealand, with aiding in the protection and escape of six Americans from Iran during the 1979 Islamic Revolution. There is only a brief mention of New Zealand in the Oscar-winning movie "Argo,", that seems to suggest that New Zealanders turned away the group of Americans, and that is rankling New Zealanders five months after the film was released in the South Pacific nation. Even Parliament has expressed its dismay, passing a motion stating that Ben Affleck, who also directed the movie, "saw fit to mislead the world about what actually happened." (AP Photo/Jimmy Carter Library and Museum)

An image of a U.S. State Dept. document provided by the Jimmy Carter Library and Museum, crediting four embassies, Canadians, Britian, Swedish and New Zealand, with aiding in the protection and escape of six Americans from Iran during the 1979 Islamic Revolution. There is only a brief mention of New Zealand in the Oscar-winning movie "Argo,", that seems to suggest that New Zealanders turned away the group of Americans, and that is rankling New Zealanders five months after the film was released in the South Pacific nation. Even Parliament has expressed its dismay, passing a motion stating that Ben Affleck, who also directed the movie, "saw fit to mislead the world about what actually happened." (AP Photo/Jimmy Carter Library and Museum)

FILE - In this Sunday Feb. 24, 2013 file photo, director and producer Ben Affleck accepts the award for best picture for "Argo" during the Oscars at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles. ?Argo? mentions New Zealand just once in passing, but the four-word reference is rankling Kiwis five months after the Oscar-winning film was released in the South Pacific nation. Even Parliament has expressed its dismay, passing a motion stating that director Ben Affleck ?saw fit to mislead the world about what actually happened.? (Photo by Chris Pizzello/Invision/AP, File)

(AP) ? Thirteen minutes into the Oscar-winning movie "Argo," CIA agent Tony Mendez asks supervisor Jack O'Donnell what happened to a group of Americans when the U.S. Embassy was stormed in Tehran.

"The six of them went out a back exit," O'Donnell tells Mendez, played by Ben Affleck. "Brits turned them away. Kiwis turned them away. Canadians took them in."

That's the only mention of New Zealand in "Argo," but it is rankling Kiwis five months after the film was released in the South Pacific nation. Even Parliament has expressed its dismay, passing a motion stating that Affleck, who also directed the movie, "saw fit to mislead the world about what actually happened."

New Zealand joins a list of other countries, including Iran and Canada, that have felt offended by the fictionalized account of how a group of Americans was furtively sheltered and secreted out of Iran during the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

The strong reaction in New Zealand indicates the country remains insecure about its own culture, said Steve Matthewman, an associate professor of sociology at the University of Auckland. People are prone to bouts of unwarranted outrage when somebody from abroad says something bad about the country, he said, and simpering enjoyment when they say something good.

"It's touched a really raw nerve," Matthewman said. "We do seem in New Zealand to be oversensitive to how the rest of the world perceives us."

The movie's New Zealand reference may not be totally fair but has an element of truth.

Some in New Zealand have taken those words ? "Kiwis turned them away" ? as implying the country did nothing to help. Published interviews indicate that diplomats from Britain and New Zealand did help by briefly sheltering the Americans, visiting them and bringing them food, even driving them to the airport when they left.

Yet those interviews also indicate that both countries considered it too risky to shelter the Americans for long. That left the Canadians shouldering the biggest risk by taking them in.

Lawmaker Winston Peters, who brought last week's uncontested motion before Parliament, said New Zealanders are unfairly portrayed as "a bunch of cowards," an impression that would be given to millions who watch the movie.

"It's a diabolical misrepresentation of the acts of courage and bravery, done at significant risk to themselves, by New Zealand diplomats," he said.

Affleck could not be reached for comment this week.

During Oscar media interviews last month, Affleck told reporters: "Let me just start by saying I love New Zealand, and I love New Zealanders." He added that "I think that it's tricky. You walk a fine line. You are doing a historical movie and naturally you have to make some creative choices about how you are going to condense this into a three-act structure."

But Affleck and his screenwriter, Chris Terrio, who won the adapted screenplay Oscar, did catch some flak from critics for taking major liberties, especially a heart-stopping ? but fictional ? airport finale that had gun-wielding Iranian Revolutionary Guards chasing the Swissair plane down the tarmac, with the plane lifting off just in the nick of time. (In reality, the airport exit went smoothly.)

And after the film was made, Affleck took the step of changing the film's postscript, the Toronto Star reported, to more generously credit Canada and its ambassador at the time, Ken Taylor, who protected the Americans at huge personal risk and was uncomfortable with some details in the film.

"Argo" was not the only Oscar-nominated film this year to be criticized for factual issues.

Kathryn Bigelow's "Zero Dark Thirty" came under fire for its depictions of interrogations. A group of senators charged that the film misled viewers for suggesting that torture provided information that helped the CIA find Osama bin Laden.

Even Steven Spielberg's "Lincoln," with its rich attention to historically accurate detail, was criticized for its inaccurate depiction of the Connecticut delegation's vote on the 13th amendment outlawing slavery. The film's Pulitzer-winning screenwriter, Tony Kushner, said he'd changed the details for dramatic effect.

Matthewman, the sociology professor, said the line in Argo may have provoked New Zealanders because the country prides itself on being generous and hospitable. People have a reputation for doing things like picking up hitchhikers and inviting them into their homes for a week, he said.

Small countries like New Zealand that are far from the world's centers of power are often shaped by bigger countries like the U.S. and often look to them for affirmation, Matthewman said. It's interesting to note the different reaction Affleck got in Britain, Matthewman said, which was arguably equally maligned in the movie.

"They give the guy a BAFTA in Britain and bash him in New Zealand," he said, referring to the best director prize Affleck won at the British Academy Film Awards.

Some in Britain, however, have criticized "Argo's" reference to that country, and some in Canada are upset the CIA gets credit at the expense of the Canadians, a claim backed by former U.S. President Jimmy Carter. And Iran is planning to sue Hollywood for the movie's alleged "unrealistic portrayal" of that country, according to Iranian media reports.

Yet while Iran and Canada are central parts of the movie, the New Zealand reference could easily be missed ? at least by outsiders.

Patrick Gower, the political editor for TV3, one of two main television news stations in New Zealand, wrote in a blog that Affleck should apologize after he "deliberately slammed" the country.

"Some people will say I'm being oversensitive here," he wrote. "But in my opinion, what Affleck has done just isn't right."

The controversy was not reflected in box-office receipts. "Argo" has done well in New Zealand, earning just over $1 million. As of this week, the film has earned $92.3 million internationally and $135 million in North America.

National carrier Air New Zealand has even extended an olive branch to Affleck by offering to fly him to the country as its guest. Airline spokeswoman Marie Hosking said this week it has yet to hear back from him.

Prime Minister John Key, meanwhile, has tried to sound a note of reason.

"New Zealand, I think, sees itself as a country that always wants to lend a hand to help people," he told reporters recently. "But in the end, this is Hollywood, and they do make movies. And a bit like when they transfer a book to a movie, often it's a little bit different. So, look, I think we've made our point and we should probably move on."

But the country doesn't seem ready to move on quite yet.

___

AP reporters Jocelyn Noveck and Randy Herschaft in New York contributed.

___

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Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/apdefault/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-03-21-New%20Zealand-Argo/id-61119ef8f1744816b57d46cf01a82a22

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